Thursday, 22 April 2021

The Waste Land

 This blog is in response to the google classroom activity of The Waste Land which briefly shows the views of Eliot himself and Nietzche over historical myths , culture and tradition as well .It also contains the overview about the poem.


🔎Poem overview :




The Waste Land is an epic poem. Broken into five main parts with 434 lines, The Waste Land is one seriously long poem. Epic poems are generally lengthy narrative poems, and Eliot's poem could certainly be classified as such, even though the poem itself does not follow any sort of defined story line and it is considered one of the most important poems of the 20th century, as well as a modernist masterpiece. A dramatic monologue that changes speakers, locations, and times throughout,

 “The Waste Land” draws on a dizzying array of literary, musical, historical, and popular cultural allusions in order to present the terror, futility, and alienation of modern life in the wake of World War I.


🔎Central theme of the poem :


The Central theme of the poem is Rebirth. The Christ images in the poem, along with the many other religious metaphors, posit rebirth and resurrection as central themes. The Waste Land lies fallow and the Fisher King is impotent; what is needed is a new beginning. Water, for one, can bring about that rebirth, but it can also destroy.


Waste Land - Names of the Five Sections
  • I. The Burial of the Dead 
  • II. A Game of Chess 
  • III. The Fire Sermon 
  • IV. Death by Water 
  • V. What the Thunder Said 


1) What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzche's views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?




Friedrich Nietzsche, in a passage from his 1887 work On the Genealogy of Morals, set the stage for twentieth-century thought and rejected the possibility of an absolute, objective truth:

" There is only a perspective seeing, only a perspective “knowing”; and the more affects we allow to speak about one thing, the more eyes, different eyes, we can use to observe one thing, the more complete will our concept of this thing, our objectivity be. "


Nietzsche’s goal in this passage was for his readers to make greater demands upon themselves in their explorations and evaluations of subjects; he insisted they consider a multiplicity of viewpoints in the process of formulating their own. One, however, also infers that an individual perspective takes only a relative view of its subject and it is inherently  limited it enjoys no privilege over other views and ultimately it is reflective only of the circumstances in which it is made. 


Eliot implicitly accepted Nietzsche’s view of a more complete objectivity being embodied by multiple perspectives. In his 1919 essay, “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” he describes the poet’s mind as a receptacle for seizing and storing up numberless feelings, phrases, images, which remain there until all the particles which can unite to form a new compound are present together. In poetry, he writes:

 "Experiences are not "recollected," and they finally unite in an atmosphere which is "tranquil" only in that it is a passive attending upon the event. Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality. "

 

In short, poetry is the coalescence of multiple perspectives into a single, coherent, and, above all, objective view.


 I find Nietzsche’s concept of “Ubermensch” appropriate. As this concept talking about to have our own morality for the betterment of humanity and our self. The morality which generally accepted and not harmful for society. To have faith in our self make us more powerful to fight against the problems around us and to control our self. So as per my thinking it is better to find new solution rather than going back to the old ones as they will not work for contemporary time same as they didn’t work for old time.



(2) Prior to the speech, Gustaf Hellström of the Swedish Academy made these remarks:




 Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?


I slightly differ form the views of  Eliot. By suppressing the desires or by controlling it the desire get more strong and it also affect at psychological level. It is better to give free vent to primitive instincts as Freud suggest to do.One thing i need to clarify  is that not always what we feel and waht we desire is true also in the context of affecting to others.

For example : Those desires which harms the life of others in any terms either it is big or small we must not do so.

The desires which all normal human beings naturally have should not be suppressed. It is better to give free vent to the desires which leads to the happy and satisfactory life.


3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts referred?)


There are many reference to Indian spirituality in “The wasteland”.  Some of them are here.

1) The Fire Sermon

“The Fire Sermon” is also the name of one of sermon given by Buddha. Gayasisa or Brahmayoni hill, is the place where Buddha taught the fire sermon, in which Buddha preaches about achieving liberation from suffering through detachment from the five senses and mind.

Here Eliot gave same name to the third part of his poem. The whole poem describe the theme of sexual perversion and by referring to this sermon of Buddha because he also wants to convey a message to stay detached from all the senses.

2) River Ganga and Himalaya

"Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves
Waited for rain, while the black clouds
Gathered far distant, over Himavant."

River Ganga is known for its purity and also for purification. While Himalaya is known for spirituality and peace. Eliot finds the solution of all contemporary problems in spirituality. That is the reason he referrers Ganga and Himalaya here.

3) The Thunder

In Upanishad the Prajapati spoke the message of salvation through thunder which called “Akashvani”. Here Eliot also give reference to Thunder to convey that now the solution of all problems will be given by Thunder, that is the reason he gave name to his 5th part of poem “What the Thunder Said”.

4) Three Da

1) Datta
2) Dayadhvam
3) Damyata

These three Da is spoken by Thunder. Which means this is the way of salvation. The first Da “Datta” means to give. Give sacrifice for others, and help each other. The second Da “Dayadhvam” means sympathies and empathies with others. Third Da “Damyata” means self control, control over the senses. According to Eliot this is the way one could get salvation.


5) Shantih mantra

The Shantih mantra is for inner peace, peace that passes understanding. Eliot ends his poem with this mantra and with hope. The hope of re-birth, end of modern malaises, and growth pf spirituality. To show the hope he ends this poem with Shantih mantra.


Thank you.

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