1. What is the difference between the movie and the play?
Mahesh Dattani's Final Solutions has two main views over movie and play Both have different aspects regaring to setting of plot but at the same time they both are having same directions .It focuses on the problem of communal disharmony between the Hindus and Muslims in India, especially during the period of the post- partition riots. This all resulted in communal riots and culminated in disruption of the normal social life, and thus hampered the progress of nation.
2. Does the movie help you to understand the narrative structure of the play?
Yes. The movie did help in understanding the narrative structure because in th movie we can see that characters are making there true sense. Final Solutions, which tells the story of two young Muslim men seeking the protection of a Hindu family during a communal riot, explores the causes of religious conflict. The play's central theme was an extremely sensitive topic given the events that were unfolding at this time in the city of Ayodhya in North India.
3. Do you think the movie is helpful to understand the viewpoints of different characters?
The characters of this movie is having different view points of analysing and creating new dimensions of scene.It is seen where Javed is not afraid of the police. Because, he says, he had been taken in the police van to start the trouble. There are similarly the politicians who fan the Hindu hate of Muslims to fire. Through politics, therefore, you cannot hope to realize a solution of the problem.
4. Think about the end of the movie.
The final solution ends without any solutions to these communal issues that have remained in the society since ages.
Artificial intelligence has been portrayed both as a friend and a foe on the big screen, with its darker side often giving audiences iconic villains.
Artificial intelligence is a popular subject in sci-fi movies, with various films exploring the darker side of the technology. From A Space Odyssey’s HAL 9000 to Terminator 2’s T-1000, there have been several iconic AI villains that have appeared on the big screen.
The best films with AI as villains portray a world where people have taken technology too far and explore the consequences of manmade sentience. Some of these movies take a more nuanced approach to the topic, sometimes portraying the villains as misunderstood victims of humanity’s greed. These highest-rated films on IMDb are often the most groundbreaking, responsible for shaping and redefining multiple movie genres and leaving a lasting impression on viewers around the world.
👉 Why are we so scared of robots or AI's so that we always imagine them as monsters or Villians?
When people see machines that respond like humans, or computers that perform feats of strategy and cognition mimicking human ingenuity, they sometimes joke about a future in which humanity will need to accept robot overlords.
But buried in the joke is a seed of unease. Science-fiction writing and popular movies, from "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968) to "Avengers: Age of Ultron" (2015), have speculated about artificial intelligence (AI) that exceeds the expectations of its creators and escapes their control, eventually outcompeting and enslaving humans or targeting them for extinction.
Conflict between humans and AI is front and center in AMC's sci-fi series "Humans,"which returned for its third season . In the new episodes, conscious synthetic humans face hostile people who treat them with suspicion, fear and hatred. Violence roils as Synths find themselves fighting for not only basic rights but their very survival, against those who view them as less than human and as a dangerous threat.
Even in the real world, not everyone is ready to welcome AI with open arms. In recent years, as computer scientists have pushed the boundaries of what AI can accomplish, leading figures in technology and science have warned about the looming dangers that artificial intelligence may pose to humanity, even suggesting that AI capabilities could doom the human race.
But why are people so unnerved by the idea of AI?
Fear and loathing
Negative feelings about AI can generally be divided into two categories: the idea that AI will become conscious and seek to destroy us, and the notion that immoral people will use AI for evil purposes, Kilian Weinberger, an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Cornell University, told Live Science.
"One thing that people are afraid of, is that if super-intelligent AI more intelligent than us becomes conscious, it could treat us like lower beings, like we treat monkeys," he said. "That would certainly be undesirable."
👉 Interpretations fron above points
However, fears that AI will develop awareness and overthrow humanity are grounded in misconceptions of what AI is, Weinberger noted. AI operates under very specific limitations defined by the algorithms that dictate its behavior. Some types of problems map well to AI's skill sets, making certain tasks relatively easy for AI to complete. "But most things do not map to that, and they're not applicable," he said.
This means that, while AI might be capable of impressive feats within carefully delineated boundaries playing a master-level chess game or rapidly identifying objects in images, for example that's where its abilities end.
👉 Paul Virilio's Dromology : The study of Speed
Dromology. Dromos is an Ancient Greek noun for race or racetrack, which Virilio applied the activity of racing. It is with this meaning in mind that he coined the term 'dromology', which he defined as the "science (or logic) of speed“
Ours is an era defined by speed. Paul Virilio, the contemporary French thinker, is one of the most important theorists of speed dromology and technology. He has amply discussed their role in human history, especially in the modern times. Among the contemporary writers, Don DeLillo is also centrally concerned with aspects of post modernity including speed, technology and virtuality also elaborated by Virilio. Reading the American writer in conjunction with the French theorist could shed new light on the significance of the former and the relevance of the latter. Such a reading can enhance our understanding of some seminal aspects of the contemporary scene.
Paul Virilio is a contemporary French theorist who has amply discussed the significance of speed and technology in the postmodern era. Through a close reading of Cosmopolis and Virilio’s theories, the present paper aims to contribute to current criticism on DeLillo’s postmodernist fiction. While much of the criticism on Cosmopolishas focused on its premonitory quality concerning 9/11, and its relationship to American popular culture, there is no comprehensive discussion of the postmodern city in the light of Virilio’s ideas concerning speed and technology. The current paper offers the discussion. An attempt is made to read DeLillo’s representations of the postmodern city in terms of Virilio’s views on technology and dromology as well as the related concepts of telepresence and disappearance.
👉 Honore on Slow Movement
Journalist Carl Honore is an advocate of the Slow Movement. His book 'In Praise of Slowness' explores today's fast-moving societies and lifestyles. Our Western world's emphasis on speed is not benefiting us as individuals and Honore stresses this fact throughout his speech. Living in a speed-obsessed society often takes a toll on our health, relationships, community and the environment.
Whether a serious illness, burnout or the end of a relationship, Honore expresses that a wake-up call is often needed to make individuals realize their need to slow down. Our speed obsession has made us a culture that does not take the time to be fully involved with anything or anyone.
The journalist states that we are so busy rushing through our lives instead of living them and that we are so focused on living a fast life instead of having a good life.
👉 My intakes from this talk
This movement examines our compulsion to hurry and chronicles a global trend toward putting on the brakes. It is the unofficial handbook and bible of the Slow Movement.
Is the Slow Movement anti-speed?
Of course not! I’m not an extremist of slowness. I love speed. But faster is not always better. Being Slow means doing everything at the correct speed: quickly, slowly or whatever pace works best. Slow means being present, living each moment fully, putting quality before quantity in everything from work and food and parenting.
Has our obsession with speed has gone too far?
It’s reached the point of absurdity. You can now do courses in Speed Yoga or attend a Drive Thru Funeral. A magazine in Britain even published an article recently on how to bring about an orgasm in 30 seconds! So even in the bedroom it’s, “On your marks, get set, go!” Our speedaholism is out of control, and we all know it.
But if we slow down, surely life will pass us by?
On the contrary. Life is what’s happening right here, right now and only by slowing down can you live it to the full. If you are always rushing, you only skim the surface of things.
Cyberfeminism is a feminist approach which foregrounds the relationship between cyberspace, the Internet, and technology. It can be used to refer to a philosophy, methodology or community. The term was coined in the early 1990s to describe the work of feminists interested in theorizing, critiquing, exploring and re-making the Internet, cyberspace and new-media technologies in general. The foundational catalyst for the formation of cyberfeminist thought is attributed to Donna Haraway's "A Cyborg Manifesto", third wave feminism, post-structuralist feminism, riot grrrl culture and the feminist critique of the blatant erasure of women within discussions of technology.
◼ Kirti Sharma: How to keep human bias out of AI?
To minimize bias, monitor for outliers by applying statistics and data exploration. At a basic level, AI bias is reduced and prevented by comparing and validating different samples of training data for representativeness. Without this bias management, any AI initiative will ultimately fall apart.Machine learning bias, also sometimes called algorithm bias or AI bias, is a phenomenon that occurs when an algorithm produces results that are systemically prejudiced due to erroneous assumptions in the machine learning process.
◼ Robin Hauser: Can we protect AI from our biases?
AI can reduce unconscious bias inresume screening.To further prevent unconscious bias at the screening stage, AI recruiting software can be programmed to ignore demographic information such as gender, race, and age or proxies for race and socioeconomic status such as the names of schools attended and addresses.Apart from algorithms and data, researchers and engineers developingthese systems are also responsible for AI bias.
◼ Cyber Space and Women's Identity
Gender related identity formation of women has been influenced by numerous parameters in recent years. The status of women in this world today is not comparable to that in the past. Significant changes have occurred as communities and households respond to social and economic shifts associated with globalization, new technologies and environmental pressures. What is obvious is that, along with the globalization and current social and intellectual upheavals, society and women both have adopted a more transitory and unbalanced attitude towards women’s gender identity.
Of the most remarkable factors impacting on this shift in attitude has been the role of mass media, modern media such as the internet in particular. Meanwhile among the different views of identity, there is often a shared assumption that the ways in which identity is defined and hence what counts as identity are undergoing far-reaching changes in the contemporary world. This is certainly debatable, but it does imply that one place to look for evidence of change would be women, and perhaps specifically their relation with new technologies.
Therefore, I intend to raise some broad points about how we understand digital technology, women and their relationship. This paper first explores theoretical perspectives on cyberfeminism within the definition of identity and its relation with gender. Then the formation of female identity and its elements in regard with media will be contemplated. The most essential aim is investigating women’s gender identity and its relevance to media, modern media such as the internet in particular. For this study I examine women’s representation in media particularly the internet with a focus on stealthy freedom campaign which allow me to show how Iranian women are shaping their identity quit apart from the pressure of a male dominated society that will provide further insight into this unresolved question. The study of the impact of media on women’s identity and an analysis of the due changes together with suggesting strategies to navigate towards this impact will be other serious concerns.
This activity is a part of my academic writing....
◼Cultural Studies
Cultural studies is a field of theoretically, politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture, its historical foundations, defining traits, conflicts, and contingencies. Cultural studies researchers generally investigate how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with or operating through social phenomena, such as ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation. Cultural studies views cultures not as fixed, bounded, stable, and discrete entities, but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. The field of cultural studies encompasses a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives and practices. Although distinct from the discipline of cultural anthropology and the interdisciplinary field of ethnic studies, cultural studies draws upon and has contributed to each of these fields.
◼ Your understanding in power of cultural studies?
Cultural distinctions make groups unique, but they also provide a social structure for creating and ranking cultures based on similarities or differences. A cultural group’s size and strength influences their power over a region, area, or other groups. Cultural power lends itself to social power that influences people’s lives by controlling the prevailing norms or rules and making individuals adhere to the dominant culture voluntarily or involuntarily.
👉 What is the relationship between knowledge and power?
Knowledge is not independent of the individuals who hold it ; it is a product of power relationships. According to Lubit (2001), knowledge is the base of power and respect ; what often lead people to hesitate to share knowledge because they fear a decrease of their power.
👉 Michel Foucault's Knowledge and Power
postmodernist, has been hugely influential in shaping understandings of power, leading away from the analysis of actors who use power as an instrument of coercion, and even away from the discreet structures in which those actors operate, toward the idea that ‘power is everywhere’, diffused and embodied in discourse, knowledge and ‘regimes of truth’ (Foucault 1991; Rabinow 1991). Power for Foucault is what makes us what we are, operating on a quite different level from other theories:
‘His work marks a radical departure from previous modes of conceiving power and cannot be easily integrated with previous ideas, as power is diffuse rather than concentrated, embodied and enacted rather than possessed, discursive rather than purely coercive, and constitutes agents rather than being deployed by them’
👉Why media studies are so important in our digital culture ?
Like literature, because the media are major sources of modern culture and entertainment. Like literature, because the media require us to learn and use critical thinking skills. Like family studies, because the media determine much of our cultural diet and weave part of the fabric of our lives.
👉 In context of post truth
Due to the developments in information technologies in the last 20 years, social media is frequently used especially for mobile devices for news announcement and follow-up. In this study, it is tried to investigate how the post-truth concept which the Oxford Dictionary has chosen as the word of the year in 2016 in social media. By using keywords such as "post-truth", "fake or false news", "access to accurate information" and "the diffusion of social media use" in the literature of "Information and Records Management", "Management Information Systems" and "Media and Communication" in international databases and journals; content analysis was performed. At the end of the study, the implications of the institutions that developed various strategies to avoid such news and information were included.
◼ Who can be considered as Truly Educated Person ?
A person may be considered to be educated if he develops his knowledge and skills in such a way which ultimately results into his positive contribution in community life. Acquiring knowledge and using it for the happiness and goodness of the society really makes a person educated.An educated person isrational and reasonable. He has the ability to reason analytically and critically. He has the ability to think clearly and independently and has good judgment. He knows how to acquire knowledge and skills and make productive use of it.
The Buddhist Caves in Ajanta are approximately 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state in India.The caves include paintings and rock-cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art, particularly expressive paintings that present emotions through gesture, pose and form.
They are universally regarded as masterpieces ofBuddhst religious art. The caves were built in two phases, the first starting around the 2nd century BCE and the second occurring from 400 to 650 CE, according to older accounts, or in a brief period of 460–480 CE according to later scholarship.The site is a protected monument in the care of theArchaeological Survey of India,and since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site.
The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient monasteries and worship-halls of different Buddhist traditions carved into a 75-metre (246 ft) wall of rock.The caves also present paintings depicting the past livesand rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura's Jatakamala, and rock-cut sculptures of Buddhist deities.Textual records suggest that these caves served as a monsoon retreat for monks, as well as a resting site for merchants and pilgrims in ancient India.While vivid colours and mural wall-painting were abundant in Indian history as evidenced by historical records.They are universally regarded as masterpieces of Buddhist religious art. The caves were built in two phases, the first starting around the 2nd century BCE and the second occurring from 400 to 650 CE, according to older accounts, or in a brief period of 460–480 CE according to later scholarship.The site is a protected monument in the care of the Archaeological Survey of India, and since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
So, let's talk about the exhibition. The exhibition was held at KHODIDAS PARMAR ART GALLERY, SARDARNAGAR, BHAVNAGAR.
Marxismwas introduced byKarl Marx. Most Marxist critics, who were writing in what could chronologically be specified as the early period of Marxist literary criticism, subscribed to what has come to be called "vulgar Marxism." In this thinking of the structure of societies, literary texts are one register of thesuperstructure, which is determined by the economicbaseof any given society. Therefore, literary texts are a reflection of the economic base rather than "the social institutions from which they originate" for all social institutions, or more precisely human–social relationships, are in the final analysis determined by the economic base.
According to Marxists, even literature itself is a social institution and has a specific ideological function, based on the background and ideology of the author. The English literary critic and cultural theorist Terry Eagleton defines Marxist criticism this way: "Marxist criticism is not merely a 'sociology of literature', concerned with how novels get published and whether they mention the working class. Its aim is to explain the literary work more fully; and this means a sensitive attention to its forms, styles and, meanings. But it also means grasping those forms, styles and meanings as the product of a particular history."
1.Marxist criticism on the movie Modern Times (Charlie Chaplin, 1936)
A classic movie by Charlie Chaplin is a Marxist film? Chaplin was always sensitive to social problems. England has always been the land of socialist battles. Highgate cemetery is a sufficient proof of how deeply related England is to Marx’s life.
This film could be seen as a social accusation toward industrialization . If one wants to better understand what proletariat alienation is, this is the film to see. This movie is based on a simple concept which it explains well through stereotypical and ironic characters.
A society that works in a crazy context cannot be fit for man, who continuously searches to be free. If it is only a critical film more than constructive one, it reflects a particular aspect of industrial proletariat problems, a very old problem that is a socialist vindication but at the same time, is the basis of Marx’s philosophy.
2.Ecocritical criticism
Ecocriticism isthe study of literature and environment from an interdisciplinary point of view where all sciences come together to analyze the environment and brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of the contemporary environmental situation.
Ecocriticism asks us to examine ourselves and the world around us,critiquing the way that we represent, interact with, and construct the environment, both “natural” and manmade. At the heart of ecocriticism, many maintain, is “a commitment to environmentality from whatever critical vantage point.”
2.Ecocritical criticism on the movie Avatar.
One can easily identify the same core aspects of criticism in various articles. These can be summarized as the notion of a strong pro-environmentalism linked to a romanticized picture of nature and a relentless condemnation of the western world, if not the whole human kind. This goes along with a stance of anti-military and the praise of a religion which sees God in every animate and inanimate being and therefore encourages the strong bond with nature which is described in the reviews. All of these are notions often associated with the mindsets of Leftists and the Hippie counterculture of the 1960s, which are mentioned as well. Another remark to mention is that of a stereotyped good vs evil -scheme leaving no room for grey areas. In addition, some of the reviewers claim that the fancy filmmaking is meant to hide a bland storyline and at the same time, is the only thing that keeps the politically unconcerned audience entertained.
3.Feminist criticism
Feminist criticism is concerned with "the ways in which literature (and other cultural productions) reinforce or undermine the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women".For example, feminist critics may claim that certain male writers address their readers as if they were all men and exclude the female reader. Much feminist literary theory reminds us that the relationship between men and women in society is often unequal and reflects a particular patriarchal ideology.
3. Feminist criticism on The Hours (2002)
Director: Stephen Daldry
Who’s more of a feminist than Virginia Woolf? It’s no wonder that this film, which acts as a loving tribute to Woolf’s work, focuses not on one, but three women: Virginia Woolf (Nicole Kidman) herself, struggling to write her hit novel Mrs Dalloway in 1923, Laura Brown (Julianne Moore), an L.A. housewife who in 1951 is suffering from clinical depression, and book editor Clarissa Vaughn (Meryl Streep) in present day New York, who is planning a party for her friend and former lover Richard, who aptly nicknames her Mrs Dalloway.
4.Queer criticism
Queer literary criticism denotes a range of approaches to textual scholarship that analyze and contest heteronormative structures and relations of meaning.Queer Theory (QT) is both theory and political action. Definition is impossible, but QT can be summarised as exploring the oppressive power of dominant norms, particularly those relating to sexuality, and the immiseration they cause to those who cannot, or do not wish to, live according to those norms.Stories help shape cultures and if you hear no stories about something that is a part of you then, to my mind, that part of you can't possibly develop and mature at the same pace as the rest.
4.Queer criticism on Raging sun, Raging sky
Raging Sun, Raging Sky
A lot of the films on this list have been chosen for their social and political resonance alongside their entertainment value, but I have to be honest about the core virtue of Julian Hernandez’s 140-minute epic of desire and physicality: it’s really, really,reallyhot. The third in a trilogy of sensual gay experimental films by the Mexican auteur the other two, A Thousand Clouds of Peace and Broken Sky, are both well worth your while is the most ravishing of the lot, tangling the restless earthly bodies and urges of young gay men with eerie spiritual challenges and complications. It’s queer eroticism given quasi-mythic grandeur.
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