Conclusion of Dessertation

 Theory of Unconscious Mind – Dream versus Reality with reference to selected plays of William Shakespeare

Conclusion

In this dessertation I have find out that the sequence of dreams and at which extent it is related to the reality is just a concept of our own mind.  What  happens is that our unconscious mind is afraid of our conscious mind and therefore it tries to hide the dream which is our desire to get into the reality. Our unconscious mind is aware of the consequences of the dream that if this will happen the condition of super ego will get destroyed. Freud developes the technique for treating psychological maladjustment and furthermore a hypothesis which clarifies human conduct. Freud accepted that occasions in our youth affect our grown-up lives, molding our character. For instance, nervousness beginning from horrible encounters in an individual’s past is stowed away from awareness, and may bring on some issues during adulthood as neuroses. This is what Oedipus complex is all about. Thus, when we disclose our conduct to ourselves or others, we seldom give a genuine record of our inspiration. This isn’t on the grounds that we are purposely lying. It may happen that we lie just to hide our feelings. While people are extraordinary liars of others; they are significantly more proficient at self-deception. Freud’s all consuming purpose was overwhelmed by his endeavors to find approaches to entering this frequently unobtrusive and elaborate cover that clouds the secret design and cycles of personality. Freud utilized the relationship of a chunk of ice to portray the three levels of the brain. This is how Freud develops the understanding of this own concept by such examples.

Dreams are the most desirable the ng happens to us just like solace dreams and clearly sexual dreams likewise are the immediate fulfilments of wishes. Yet, most of dreams of grown-ups and a few longs for youngsters are the circuitous or masked articulations of stifled and in this manner oblivious wishes. By putting more concern over children they behave in such a manner where they dont understand the importance of saying no to them. Children are not permitted by their folks to eat a huge amount of sweetmeat or to deal with blades. Their longings to do as such are subdued and become oblivious and communicated in dreams. It is very obvious for children of doing such things or such dreams they saw are reflection of their desires.

Freud had stated in the Oedipus complex about such type of behavior of children. The fantasies of grown-ups are generally roundabout, masked or symbolical ex­pressions of the quelled and oblivious sex wishes and resentment wishes which emerge from impedance with sex wishes. It can be very often happen with any child. So here by this example of children my concern is to clarify the effect of dream that how it could be the true version of reality. The sex wishes are frequently prohibited by the general public and not permitted sufficient satisfaction in cognizant existence. Accordingly they are subdued and become unconscious. But they don’t lose their power; they compel themselves into the field of awareness whenever they get an opportunity. Freud acknowledges even new born child for sex wants for guardians, siblings, sisters and such. He doesn’t characterize the idea of their sex wishes, which are unquestionably not of the idea of the grown-ups dreams are either the roundabout articulations of their new obvious quelled and oblivious sex wishes. Most of their fantasies are the aberrant, camouflaged or symbolical articulations of their stifled and oblivious puerile sex wishes. In the waking condition these unsocial sex wishes are not permitted by the Censor or Super-Ego to go into the field of con-cognizance.

During rest the Censor or Super-Ego loosens up its watchfulness; so the subdued, oblivious, juvenile sex wishes put on a camouflage and show up as dreams. The quelled sex wishes in a roundabout way satisfy themselves in dreams. Freud recognizes manifest substance and dormant substance of dreams. Manifest substance are occasions, yet idle substance are sex wishes or moxie. Dreams are symbolical articulations of lewd longings. Freud gives an enormous number of images which represent different sex objects. Head, ruler, or a magnified male personage represents father.sovereign, or a commended female personage represents mother. Family are represented by little creatures and vermin. The male sexual organ is represented by sticks, umbrellas, posts, trees, blades, knifes, spears, firearms, guns, snakes, and so on. The female sexual organ is represented by pits, hollows, caves, containers, bottles, boxes, chests, pockets, ships, cabinets, ovens, rooms and so on Apples, peaches, organic products, and so on, represent the bosom. Numerous sorts of development are images of the sexual demonstration. Birth is represented by falling into water or emerging from it, and biting the dust, by setting out upon an excursion or travel­ling via train. The camouflage or mutilation of the dormant substance of sex wishes into manifest substance is affected through buildup, oversight, dislodging of effect, sensation, and optional elaboration. These are the mutilating components. Buildup implies that the fantasy might address many necessities and driving forces at the same time. Exclusion implies that an occasion that communicates an unsuitable craving straightforwardly is confessed to give the fantasy an honest appearance.

Removal of effect implies the transaction of feeling or feeling from a significant component to an insignificant component of the fantasy. Performance implies perception and projection. A lady envisioned that she saw herself with an uncovered head. She woke up and observed that she was feeling cold attributable to a draft. The cool sensation was con­verted into a visual sensation. Projection implies transforming one’s psychological creative mind into outside objects in the climate. Optional elaboration implies the endeavor of the visionary to make the manifest substance sound and intelligible.He tells his fantasy by making it more coherent. These are the contorting instruments of dreams. The curbed and uncon­scious puerile drive or sex want is communicated in dreams as images. (I) Freud's hypothesis contains a few components of truth. To begin with, dreams are supported by conation established in impulses. Furthermore, quelled wants regularly track down articulation in dreams. Thirdly, a few dreams are articulations of quelled sexual cravings. Fourthly they are immediate or masked fulfilments of stifled sex wants, through images. Fifthly, some contorting components referenced by Freud truly do mysterious in dreams.

But Freud's hypothesis isn't completely evident. All fantasies are not immediate or roundabout fulfilments of curbed sex-wants. They don't persuade all fantasies. Quelled drive or sex-want can't represent all fantasies. There are numerous different sorts of dreams. Freud exaggerates the sex-rationale or charisma. Dreams are spurred by sex-want as well as persuaded by dominance thought process and different intentions. Coleridge composed the popular sonnet Kubla Khan in dream, yet couldn't recall the entire of it on waking. His fantasy was roused by the wonderful drive. Stevenson made a few plots of his accounts in dream. Accordingly dreams are persuaded by scholarly motivation and creative drive.Some fantasies are just phenomenal play of creative mind. They may not satisfy any unsatisfied longing straightforwardly or by implication. They are guiltless looking, however honest. Freud's hypothesis is right to the extent that it stresses the inspiration of dreams.Freud exaggerates the oblivious. Unfulfilled wishes curve not so exceptionally oblivious as he believes them to be. They might be cognizant however not investigated by the psyche. The ungratified wishes, which might be totally cognizant, track down outlet in dreams. The unsatisfied wishes are not really oblivious. They might involve the edge of cognizance.Freud formed his hypothesis in the wake of considering and investigating the fantasies of maladjusted or strange people and consequently empha­sized the sex-thought process of dreams. In any case, we ought to continue from the typical to the unusual, and not from the strange to the ordinary.

McDougall properly comments that Freud's hypothesis might hold great of certain fantasies, all the more extraordinarily of certain fantasies of some neuro­tics, however that there is no adequate ground to demonstrate that everything dreams can be sufficiently clarified by his hypothesis. Adler holds that a few dreams are fulfilments of ruined self-declaration. They don't allude to the past yet to what's to come. They don't satisfy a past subdued want yet estimate a looming activity to be performed by the person. The authority intention or sense of self-attestation is substantially more exposed to concealment than the sex-thought process, and tracks down an outlet in certain fantasies.

Jung holds that a few dreams are the declarations of the racial of aggregate oblivious acquired by us with our minds from our distant predecessors. The crude perspectives as far as phantoms and witches some of the time show up in our fantasies.A few dreams connect with the current troubles of the individual and his oblivious demeanour to his life issues. Dreams allude to the past as per Freud. They allude to the future as per Adler. They allude to the present as per Jung. Waterways holds that a fantasy is because of a psychological clash. It addresses two clashing wishes, a cognizant wish which is OK to the waking character, and an oblivious wish which isn't accep­table to it and subsequently stifled. It addresses the Super-Ego and the Id or crude drive, in the language of Freud. It doesn't address the subdued charisma just as Freud holds.

An individual dream is that he is pursued by a wild creature and surpassed by it, however he applies his most extreme to escape from it. The creature addresses the crude drive which he wishes to escape, and his being overwhelmed by it notwithstanding his maximum effort to get away, addresses his desire to satisfy the motivation. In this way his fantasy fulfills the two longings. It addresses the contention between his two longings. On a superficial level is cognizance, which comprises of those contemplations that are the focal point of our consideration now, and this is viewed as a glimpse of something larger. The preconscious comprises of everything which can be recovered from memory. The third and most critical area is the oblivious. Here lie the cycles that are the genuine reason for most conduct. Like an icy mass, the main piece of the brain is the part you can’t see. Sigmund Freud underlined the significance of the oblivious psyche, and an essential presumption of Freudian hypothesis is that the oblivious brain oversees conduct to a more prominent degree than individuals suspect. For sure, the objective of analysis is to make the oblivious cognizant.

Freud believed dreams to be the illustrious street to the oblivious for what it’s worth in dreams that the self image’s protections are brought down so a portion of the subdued material comes through to mindfulness, but in misshaped structure. Dreams fill significant roles for the oblivious psyche and fill in as important pieces of information to how the oblivious brain operates. Freud had his own fantasy that was to frame the premise of his hypothesis. He had been stressed over a patient, Irma, who was not working out quite as well in treatment as he had trusted. Freud, indeed, faulted himself for this, and was feeling guilty. Freud recognized the manifest substance of a fantasy (what the visionary recalls) and the inactive substance, the emblematic significance of the fantast. The manifest substance is frequently founded on the occasions of the day.

The interaction by which the basic wish is converted into the manifest substance is called dream work. The motivation behind dream work is to change the taboo wish into a harmless structure, hence decreasing tension and permitting us to rest. Dream Work  includes the course of build up, removal, and auxiliary elaboration. The course of build up is the joining of at least two thoughts/pictures into one. For instance, a fantasy about a man might be a fantasy about both one’s dad and one’s sweetheart. A fantasy about a house may be the build-up of stresses over security as well as stresses over one’s appearance to the remainder of the world. Removal happens when we change the individual or item we are truly worried about to another person. For instance, one of Freud’s patients was very angry of his sister by marriage and used to allude to her as a canine, longed for choking a little white canine.

Freud deciphered this as addressing his desire to kill his sister by marriage. On the off chance that the patient would have truly longed for killing his sister by marriage, he would have felt remorseful. The oblivious psyche changed her into a canine to safeguard him. Optional elaboration happens when the oblivious brain strings together wish-satisfying pictures in a sensible request of occasions, further clouding the inert substance. As per Freud, therefore the manifest substance of dreams can be as credible occasions. In Freud’s later work on dreams, he investigated the chance of all inclusive images in dreams.

In any case, Freud was mindful about images and expressed that overall images are more private rather than general. An individual can’t decipher what the manifest substance of a fantasy represented without being familiar with the individual’s circumstances. Dream word references’, which are as yet well known now, were a wellspring of aggravation to Freud. He investigated further, and it worked out that the lady’s mom, who was an enthusiastic celestial prophet and a Pisces, was on the patient’s psyche since she opposed her little girl being in examination. Despite the fact that Freud talks about Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth exhaustively, he once in a while makes reference to Othello, the fourth of the four significant misfortunes. All through his life, Freud was spooky “tortured” is hardly too solid a word-by specific issues that disturbed him until he addressed them, Freud said barely anything regarding Othello is by all accounts an immense clear. In any case, the mental state of sexual envy was named as the Othello syndrom.Othello shows practically the full reach of this mental condition. However fiction has large amounts of depictions of sullen desire. None of which is so predominantly wretched as Othello. 

Drawing on the ideas of analysis, I will take part in a person investigation of Othello to lay out the foundations of his horrible envy customary readings will generally introduce Othello in the most ideal light: a respectable casualty obliterated by his straightforwardness of nature, by his honesty of Venetian culture, and in particular, by the malevolent plan of Iago. In any case, most psychoanalytical investigations see Othello’s personality as mindful, somehow or another, for his downfall. It is important that when reality in regards to the cloth is uncovered in the last scene, Othello is in a flash persuaded of Desdemona’s purity and guiltlessness right away, his self-centred wounds are fixed and he can restore closeness with Desdemona, to re-affirm his association with her, however in death in this a manner, Shakespeare investigates the enthusiastic conceivable outcomes of Othello. It is the nature of dramatization that permits the onlooker to distinguish himself with the legend in front of an audience; we get vicarious fulfillment through seeing the saint’s torments, sufferings and intense fears. As Freud says,

 “the dramatist is to induce the same illness in us . . . if we are made to follow the development of the illness along with the sufferer” (1905:310).

This is the means by which we gain understanding into Othello’s hypochondria. King Lear the emphasis was on the hard-headed belly inside Lear’s body that causes his diseases. By requesting that his girls offer their unequivocal love, Lear shows up at a subsequent immaturity, a period of insensibility and franticness. The devil inside his body appears as a ghastliness and doesn’t let him be; its power is equivalent to the power of the wretched while assaulting a singular’s character line. In this phase of his life, Lear is searching for a mindful mother-figure and erroneously endeavours to track down it among his girls. In the initial scene, he sees that Cordelia is hesitant to give him his wanted way of life as the adored child of a mindful mother, thus he goes to the senior girls who compliment him lavishly. By abandoning his representative personality, Lear uncovered his dependent upon the demolishing powers of the semiotic. By the end of the play, Lear chooses to remain in the semiotic, which choice costs him his life and hers.

The investigation of Macbeth in this part reveals insight into the maternal danger and it obliterating power for Macbeth’s character. Macbeth’s character borders are assaulted by the miserable powers forced on him by his sovereign, who like a stifling mother, compromises to draw him back to the repulsiveness. Intellectually controlled by Lady Macbeth, and expecting to get away from the repulsiveness pursuing his character, Macbeth kills the mentor Duncan and is then, at that point, wracked with responsibility. It turns out to be clear in the examination of Macbeth’s personality that the repulsiveness should be ousted for keeping a sound subjectivity, which is a way that Macbeth follows to finish his incomplete singularity. 

In any case, in doing as such he submits frightful demonstrations and subsequently he personally turns into the awfulness and play intellectually upset individual. Before the finish of the play, Macbeth must be objected for the public harmony and the congruity of his land. My commitment to information in this segment is to get done with the job that Freud left incomplete. Freud started his examination of Macbeth with the presumption that Lady Macbeth’s infertility and Macbeth’s sensation of culpability are disciplines for Duncan’s murder, yet Freud deserted his thought of this since he trusted that Shakespeare’s take off from his super recorded source had made it unimaginable for him to analyse the couple’s psychoanalytic issue. In Freud’s view, by wiping out the ten-year range in the Chronicles Shakespeare allowed for the psychoanalytic-based indications to show up in the couple’s conduct be that as it may, by applying Freud’s hypotheses with respect to the brain research of human, I have shown that a psychoanalytic perusing of the Macbeths’ case is practical without this ten-year range though the marriage of two of the best personalities Shakespeare and Freud-is positively alluring, what are its entanglements? Therapy, truth be told, psychocriticism in general, may fail to focus on the way that show is an exhibition craftsmanship, and along these lines mutilate the text experienced in the theatre to make it fit psychoanalytical hypotheses. Freudian drive,

For example, is frequently assaulted for giving each type of human conduct a psychosexual clarification. Regarding such reactions, Brian Vickers surveys therapy as a basic apparatus and notices the accompanying focuses: (1) Freud just saw in individuals what his speculations at any one point would permit him to see; (2) There is a shortfall of requirements on the development of proof; (3) Assuming a basic technique delivers so many monotonous and reductive readings, then, at that point, it pronounces its own inadequacies; (4) Those components are discarded that don’t squeeze into the model; (5) The emotional construction and plots are disregarded or revised to honor Freudian story models.

However therapy might restrict the conceivable outcomes of utilizing different methodologies, Freud has advanced Shakespeare’s plays and presented new intricacies for the comprehension of characters counting however not confined to inspirations, character structure, and relational elements. Returning to Shakespeare with a Freudian focal point is to encounter anew the vibe of perusing something notable yet profoundly interesting. Choosing five Shakespeare plays for conversation, I have inspected what Freud said about these plays and how he broke down those characters troubled with psychopathology. Freud’s relationship of Oedipus complex with Hamlet’s deferral, and his comments on the importance of the three coffins, the legend of King Lear, Lady Macbeth’s rest strolling, and Richard’s case to be an exemption have given important bits of knowledge into Shakespeare’s characters. With everything taken into account, Freud has proposed new methodologies for our understanding and enthusiasm for Shakespeare’s art. By this I have find that our unconscious mind is somewhere afraid of our conscious mind that’s the reason why we did not conclude whether the thing that we saw in our dream is noting but the reality, our own reality.